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Accounts usage

Automated accounts usage extraction and parsing

The following LogParser.exe query extract and parse multiple Security events related to Windows logon into an output CSV file. The following events ID are processed: 4624, 4625, 4634, 4647, 4648, 4772, 4778, 4779, 4800, 4801, 4802, and 4803.

This query can prove useful for analysis of events from both Domain Controllers and Windows servers or workstations.

The query is implemented in KAPE as the Logon-Logoff-events module.

# Author: Brian Maloney (idea by @0x47617279).

LogParser.exe -stats:OFF -i:EVT -o CSV "SELECT TO_UTCTIME(TimeGenerated) AS Date, EventID, CASE EventID WHEN 4624 THEN 'An account was successfully logged on' WHEN 4625 THEN 'An account failed to log on' WHEN 4634 THEN 'An account was logged off' WHEN 4647 THEN 'User initiated logoff' WHEN 4648 THEN 'A logon was attempted using explicit credentials' WHEN 4672 THEN 'Special privileges assigned to new logon' WHEN 4778 THEN 'A session was reconnected to a Window Station' WHEN 4779 THEN 'A session was disconnected from a Window Station' WHEN 4800 THEN 'The workstation was locked' WHEN 4801 THEN 'The workstation was unlocked' WHEN 4802 THEN 'The screen saver was invoked' WHEN 4803 THEN 'The screen saver was dismissed' END as Description, CASE EventID WHEN 4624 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 5, '|') WHEN 4625 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 5, '|') WHEN 4634 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 1, '|') WHEN 4647 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 1, '|') WHEN 4648 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 1, '|') WHEN 4672 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 1, '|') WHEN 4778 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 0, '|') WHEN 4779 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 0, '|') WHEN 4800 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 1, '|') WHEN 4801 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 1, '|') WHEN 4802 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 1, '|') WHEN 4803 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 1, '|') END as Username, CASE EventID WHEN 4624 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 6, '|') WHEN 4625 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 6, '|') WHEN 4634 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 2, '|') WHEN 4647 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 2, '|') WHEN 4648 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 2, '|') WHEN 4672 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 2, '|') WHEN 4778 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 1, '|') WHEN 4779 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 1, '|') WHEN 4800 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 2, '|') WHEN 4801 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 2, '|') WHEN 4802 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 2, '|') WHEN 4803 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 2, '|') END as Domain, CASE EventID WHEN 4648 THEN STRCAT(EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 6, '|'),STRCAT('\\',EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 5, '|'))) END AS CredentialsUsed, CASE EventID WHEN 4624 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 7, '|') WHEN 4624 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 7, '|') WHEN 4634 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 3, '|') WHEN 4647 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 3, '|') WHEN 4648 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 3, '|') WHEN 4672 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 3, '|') WHEN 4778 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 2, '|') WHEN 4779 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 2, '|') WHEN 4800 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 3, '|') WHEN 4801 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 3, '|') WHEN 4802 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 3, '|') WHEN 4803 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 3, '|') END AS LogonID, CASE EventID WHEN 4778 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 3, '|') WHEN 4779 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 3, '|') WHEN 4800 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 4, '|') WHEN 4801 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 4, '|') WHEN 4802 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 4, '|') WHEN 4803 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 4, '|') END AS SessionName, REPLACE_STR(REPLACE_STR(REPLACE_STR(REPLACE_STR(REPLACE_STR(REPLACE_STR(REPLACE_STR(REPLACE_STR(REPLACE_STR(REPLACE_STR(REPLACE_STR(CASE EventID WHEN 4624 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 8, '|') WHEN 4625 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 10, '|') WHEN 4634 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 4, '|') END,'2','Logon via console'),'3','Network Logon'),'4','Batch Logon'),'5','Windows Service Logon'),'7','Credentials used to unlock screen'),'8','Network logon sending credentials (cleartext)'),'9','Different credentials used than logged on user'),'10','Remote interactive logon (RDP)'),'11','Cached credentials used to logon'),'12','Cached remote interactive (similar to Type 10)'),'13','Cached unlock (similar to Type 7)') AS LogonType, CASE EventID WHEN 4625 THEN CASE EXTRACT_TOKEN(strings, 7, '|') WHEN '0xc000005e' THEN 'There are currently no logon servers available to service the logon request' WHEN '0xc0000064' THEN 'user name does not exist' WHEN '0xc000006a' THEN 'user name is correct but the password is wrong' WHEN '0xc000006d' THEN 'user logon with misspelled or bad password' WHEN '0xc000006e' THEN 'unknown user name or bad password' WHEN '0xc000006f' THEN 'user tried to logon outside his day of week or time of day restrictions' WHEN '0xc0000070' THEN 'workstation restriction, or Authentication Policy Silo violation (look for event ID 4820 on domain controller)' WHEN '0xc0000071' THEN 'expired password' WHEN '0xc0000072' THEN 'account is currently disabled' WHEN '0xc00000dc' THEN 'Indicates the Sam Server was in the wrong state to perform the desired operation.' WHEN '0xc0000133' THEN 'clocks between DC and other computer too far out of sync' WHEN '0xc000015b' THEN 'The user has not been granted the requested logon type (aka logon right) at this machine' WHEN '0xc000018c' THEN 'The logon request failed because the trust relationship between the primary domain and the trusted domain failed' WHEN '0xc0000192' THEN 'An attempt was made to logon, but the netlogon service was not started' WHEN '0xc0000193' THEN 'account expiration' WHEN '0xc0000224' THEN 'user is required to change password at next logon' WHEN '0xc0000225' THEN 'evidently a bug in Windows and not a risk' WHEN '0xc0000234' THEN 'user is currently locked out' WHEN '0xc00002ee' THEN 'Failure Reason. An Error occurred during Logon' WHEN '0xc0000413' THEN 'Logon Failure. The machine you are logging onto is protected by an authentication firewall. The specified account is not allowed to authenticate to the machine' ELSE EXTRACT_TOKEN(strings, 7, '|') END END AS Status, CASE EventID WHEN 4625 THEN CASE EXTRACT_TOKEN(strings, 9, '|') WHEN '0xc000005e' THEN 'There are currently no logon servers available to service the logon request' WHEN '0xc0000064' THEN 'user name does not exist' WHEN '0xc000006a' THEN 'user name is correct but the password is wrong' WHEN '0xc000006d' THEN 'user logon with misspelled or bad password' WHEN '0xc000006e' THEN 'unknown user name or bad password' WHEN '0xc000006f' THEN 'user tried to logon outside his day of week or time of day restrictions' WHEN '0xc0000070' THEN 'workstation restriction, or Authentication Policy Silo violation (look for event ID 4820 on domain controller)' WHEN '0xc0000071' THEN 'expired password' WHEN '0xc0000072' THEN 'account is currently disabled' WHEN '0xc00000dc' THEN 'Indicates the Sam Server was in the wrong state to perform the desired operation.' WHEN '0xc0000133' THEN 'clocks between DC and other computer too far out of sync' WHEN '0xc000015b' THEN 'The user has not been granted the requested logon type (aka logon right) at this machine' WHEN '0xc000018c' THEN 'The logon request failed because the trust relationship between the primary domain and the trusted domain failed' WHEN '0xc0000192' THEN 'An attempt was made to logon, but the netlogon service was not started' WHEN '0xc0000193' THEN 'account expiration' WHEN '0xc0000224' THEN 'user is required to change password at next logon' WHEN '0xc0000225' THEN 'evidently a bug in Windows and not a risk' WHEN '0xc0000234' THEN 'user is currently locked out' WHEN '0xc00002ee' THEN 'Failure Reason. An Error occurred during Logon' WHEN '0xc0000413' THEN 'Logon Failure. The machine you are logging onto is protected by an authentication firewall. The specified account is not allowed to authenticate to the machine' ELSE EXTRACT_TOKEN(strings, 9, '|') END END AS SubStatus, CASE EventID WHEN 4624 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(strings, 9, '|') WHEN 4625 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(strings, 11, '|') END AS AuthPackage, CASE EventID WHEN 4624 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 11, '|') WHEN 4625 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 13, '|') WHEN 4648 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 8, '|') WHEN 4778 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 4, '|') WHEN 4779 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 4, '|') END AS Workstation, CASE EventID WHEN 4624 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 18, '|') WHEN 4625 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 19, '|') WHEN 4648 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 12, '|') WHEN 4778 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 5, '|') WHEN 4779 THEN EXTRACT_TOKEN(Strings, 5, '|') END AS SourceIP INTO <DESTINATION_FOLDER>\logparser-Logon-Logoff-events.csv' FROM '<SECURITY_EVTX_FILE>' WHERE EventID IN (4624;4625;4634;4647;4648;4672;4778;4779;4800;4801;4802;4803) AND Username NOT IN ('SYSTEM'; 'ANONYMOUS LOGON'; 'LOCAL SERVICE'; 'NETWORK SERVICE') AND Domain NOT IN ('NT AUTHORITY')" -filemode:0

Active Directory

Summary

Note that the events presented below are only the ones related to account usage centralized on the Domain Controllers from activity on the remote systems integrated in the Active Directory domain. The events logged for account usage on the Domain Controllers themselves are similar to standard Windows systems (and are thus detailed in the sections Destination machine and Source machine below).

ArtefactLocationConditionsDescription

EVTX

Security.evtx

Default configuration.

Event 4624: An account was successfully logged on.

EVTX

Security.evtx

Default configuration.

Event 4625: An account failed to log on.

EVTX

Security.evtx

Default configuration.

Event 4768: A Kerberos authentication ticket (TGT) was requested.

EVTX

Security.evtx

Default configuration.

Event 4769: A Kerberos service ticket was requested.

EVTX

Security.evtx

Default configuration.

Event 4771: Kerberos pre-authentication failed.

EVTX

Security.evtx

Default configuration.

Event 4776: The domain controller attempted to validate the credentials for an account.

LogonTracer

LogonTracer is a tool to display Active Directory logon-related events as a graph. Logon events are represented as two nodes, the host (hostname or IP address) and the account name, linked by the event information (event ID, number of occurrences, etc.).

The following events ID are processed: 4624, 4625, 4768, 4769, 4776, and 4672.

Events can be filtered on a number of criteria:

  • The host(s) (hostname or IP) or user(s) concerned by the logon.

  • If the authentication provider is NTLM (AuthName: NTLM).

  • The logon type: RDP (Logon type 10), Network (Logon type 3), Batch (Logon type 4), and Service (Logon type 5).

  • If the logon was associated to special privileges (event ID 4672).

  • etc.

# LogonTracer default username: neo4j
# LogonTracer default password: password

# Pulls and installs the Docker container.
docker pull jpcertcc/docker-logontracer

# Runs the LogonTracer container.
docker run --detach --publish=7474:7474 --publish=7687:7687 --publish=8080:8080 -e LTHOSTNAME=<IP> jpcertcc/docker-logontracer

# Deletes the example data present by default in the container.
docker exec <CONTAINER_ID> python /usr/local/src/LogonTracer/logontracer.py --delete -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' -s <IP>

# It is advised to add Security.evtx hives through the web interface, exposed by default on the TCP port 8080.
Upload Event Log (bottom left) -> Browse -> One or multiple files can be selected -> Upload

# Alternatively, the Security.evtx hives can be upload using the logontracer.py Python script.
python3 logontracer.py [-e <EVTX> | -x <EVTX_XML>] -z <TIME_ZONE> -u '<USERNAME>' -p '<PASSWORD>' -s <IP>

Destination machine

Summary

ArtefactLocationConditionsDescription

EVTX

Security.evtx

Default configuration.

Event 4624: An account was successfully logged on. Legacy: Events 528: Successful Logon and 540: Successful Network Logon.

EVTX

Security.evtx

Default configuration.

Event 4625: An account failed to log on. Legacy: Events 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, and 539.

EVTX

Security.evtx

Default configuration. Only logged on for logon with elevated privileges.

Event 4672: Special privileges assigned to new logon. Legacy: Events 576: Special privileges assigned to new logon.

EVTX

Security.evtx

Default configuration.

Event 4634: An account was logged off. Legacy: Events 538: User Logoff.

EVTX

Security.evtx

Default configuration. Only logged on for Interactive and RemoteInteractive logons.

Event 4647: User initiated logoff. Legacy: Events 551: User initiated logoff.

EVTX

Security.evtx

Requires Audit Other Logon/Logoff Events.

Event 4649: A replay attack was detected. Event 4778: A session was reconnected to a Window Station. Event 4779: A session was disconnected from a Window Station. Event 4800: The workstation was locked. Event 4801: The workstation was unlocked. Event 4802: The screen saver was invoked. Event 4803: The screen saver was dismissed. Event 5378: The requested credentials delegation was disallowed by policy. Event 5632: A request was made to authenticate to a wireless network. Event 5633: A request was made to authenticate to a wired network.

Source machine

Summary

ArtefactLocationConditionsDescription

EVTX

Security.evtx

Default configuration. Only logged whenever alternate credentials are used.

Event 4648: A logon was attempted using explicit credentials. Legacy: Events 552: Logon attempt using explicit credentials.

Events details

Security Event ID 4624

Location: destination machine Security.evtx. Event ID: 4624: An account was successfully logged on.

Privileged logon will generate an additional Security event: 4672: Special privileges assigned to new logon.

The 4624 event yields information such as:

  • The SID SubjectUserSid, account name SubjectUserName, and domain SubjectDomainName of the user logging in.

  • the source machine hostname WorkstationName, IP IpAddress and port IpPort if the event corresponds to remote login (otherwise the three aforementioned fields are set to -).

  • The authentication protocol in the AuthenticationPackageName field (NTLM, Kerberos or Negotiate ) used for the logging. If the logon is made through the NTLM protocol, the LmPackageName field precisely identify the NTLM version in use (LM, NTLM V1, NTLM V2).

  • The logon type in the LogonType field (detailed below).

  • The privileges level in the ElevatedToken field. If set to %%1842 (Yes), the session the event represents runs in a elevated context. The event can be correlated with the Security event EID: 4672 to precisely identify the privilege tokens of the session.

  • The impersonation level of the event in the ImpersonationLevel field (detailed below).

  • the LogonID field identifying the logon session, which can be correlated with various other Security events.

The LogonType field provides information on how the logging was established:

Logon TypeDescription

2

Interactive logon. Logon type generated for on screen login at the keyboard as well as some remote access with specific tools. Note that access made using PsExec with an user specified using the -u option will result in an interactive logon.

3

Network logon (share access, etc.). Logon type generated for access over the network (access to SMB share, PsExec, WMI / WinRM, etc.).

4

Batch logon (scheduled task)

5

Service logon (service startup)

7

Unlock (on screen unlocking)

8

NetworkCleartext authentication (usually HTTP basic authentication)

9

NewCredentials authentication (does not seem to be in use)

10

RemoteInteractive authentication (Terminal Services, Remote Desktop or Remote Assistance)

11

CachedInteractive authentication (logging using cached credentials when a domain controller cannot be reached)

Interactive logons (Logon type 2 and Logon type 10) will result in the storing of the given users secrets (NTLM hash or Kerberos tickets) in LSASS memory. Knowing which users logged on interactively on a system can help determine which accounts could be compromised following the takeover of a system by an attacker.

The ImpersonationLevel field may take the following values:

FlagCorrespondenceDescription

-

SecurityAnonymous

The server process cannot obtain security information about the client.

%%1832

Identification

The server process can obtain information about the client but cannot impersonate the client and thus the client has no privileges.

%%1833

Impersonation

The server process can obtain information and impersonate the client's security context on the local system.

%%1840

Delegation

The server process can impersonate the client's security context on remote systems.

Security Event ID 4672

Location: destination machine Security.evtx. Event ID: 4672: Special privileges assigned to new logon.

This event occurs whenever an account is assigned one, or more, of the following privileges:

  • SeTcbPrivilege

  • SeBackupPrivilege

  • SeCreateTokenPrivilege

  • SeDebugPrivilege

  • SeEnableDelegationPrivilege

  • SeAuditPrivilege

  • SeImpersonatePrivilege

  • SeLoadDriverPrivilege

  • SeSecurityPrivilege

  • SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege

  • SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege

  • SeRestorePrivilege

  • SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege

The SubjectLogonId field can be correlated with the Security event EID: 4624 in order to retrieve more information on the logon session.

Security Event ID 4634 / 4647

Location: destination machine Security.evtx. Event ID: 4634: An account was logged off Event ID: 4647: User initiated logoff.

Security Event ID 4648

Windows Security Log Event ID 4648 4648: A logon was attempted using explicit credentials Logged on client. Includes information about the target server: Target Server Name (hostname or IP) and Additional Information of the service requested.

References

https://www.ultimatewindowssecurity.com/securitylog/encyclopedia/event.aspx?eventID=* https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4738 https://docs.microsoft.com/fr-fr/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4624 https://docs.microsoft.com/fr-fr/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4688

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